DISTRIBUTION OF SLAVES
( UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU)
Percentage of slaves in each county of the slave states in 1860
| Census Year | # Slaves | # Free blacks | Total blacks | % Free blacks | Total US population | % Blacks of total |
| 1790 | 697,681 | 59,527 | 757,208 | 8% | 3,929,214 | 19% |
| 1800 | 893,602 | 108,435 | 1,002,037 | 11% | 5,308,483 | 19% |
| 1810 | 1,191,362 | 186,446 | 1,377,808 | 14% | 7,239,881 | 19% |
| 1820 | 1,538,022 | 233,634 | 1,771,656 | 13% | 9,638,453 | 18% |
| 1830 | 2,009,043 | 319,599 | 2,328,642 | 14% | 12,860,702 | 18% |
| 1840 | 2,487,355 | 386,293 | 2,873,648 | 13% | 17,063,353 | 17% |
| 1850 | 3,204,313 | 434,495 | 3,638,808 | 12% | 23,191,876 | 16% |
| 1860 | 3,953,760 | 488,070 | 4,441,830 | 11% | 31,443,321 | 14% |
| 1870 | 0 | 4,880,009 | 4,880,009 | 100% | 38,558,371 | 13% |
| Source:“Distribution of Slaves in US History”. United States Cenus | ||||||
Evolution of the enslaved population of the United States as a percentage of the population of each state, 1790–1860
| Total Slave Population in US 1790–1860, by State | ||||||||
| Census Year | 1790 | 1800 | 1810 | 1820 | 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 |
| All States | 694,207 | 887,612 | 1,130,781 | 1,529,012 | 1,987,428 | 2,482,798 | 3,200,600 | 3,950,546 |
| Alabama | – | – | – | 47,449 | 117,549 | 253,532 | 342,844 | 435,080 |
| Arkansas | – | – | – | – | 4,576 | 19,935 | 47,100 | 111,115 |
| California | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Connecticut | 2,648 | 951 | 310 | 97 | 25 | 54 | – | – |
| Delaware | 8,887 | 6,153 | 4,177 | 4,509 | 3,292 | 2,605 | 2,290 | 1,798 |
| Florida | – | – | – | – | – | 25,717 | 39,310 | 61,745 |
| Georgia | 29,264 | 59,699 | 105,218 | 149,656 | 217,531 | 280,944 | 381,682 | 462,198 |
| Illinois | – | – | – | 917 | 747 | 331 | – | – |
| Indiana | – | – | – | 190 | 3 | 3 | – | – |
| Iowa | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | – |
| Kansas | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
| Kentucky | 12,430 | 40,343 | 80,561 | 126,732 | 165,213 | 182,258 | 210,981 | 225,483 |
| Louisiana | – | – | – | 69,064 | 109,588 | 168,452 | 244,809 | 331,726 |
| Maine | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
| Maryland | 103,036 | 105,635 | 111,502 | 107,398 | 102,994 | 89,737 | 90,368 | 87,189 |
| Massachusetts | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
| Michigan | – | – | – | – | 32 | – | – | – |
| Minnesota | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mississippi | – | – | – | 32,814 | 65,659 | 195,211 | 309,878 | 436,631 |
| Missouri | – | – | – | 10,222 | 25,096 | 58,240 | 87,422 | 114,931 |
| Nebraska | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 |
| Nevada | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| New Hampshire | 157 | 8 | – | – | 3 | 1 | – | – |
| New Jersey | 11,423 | 12,422 | 10,851 | 7,557 | 2,254 | 674 | 236 | 18 |
| New York | 21,193 | 20,613 | 15,017 | 10,088 | 75 | 4 | – | – |
| North Carolina | 100,783 | 133,296 | 168,824 | 205,017 | 245,601 | 245,817 | 288,548 | 331,059 |
| Ohio | – | – | – | – | 6 | 3 | – | – |
| Oregon | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Pennsylvania | 3,707 | 1,706 | 795 | 211 | 403 | 64 | – | – |
| Rhode Island | 958 | 380 | 108 | 48 | 17 | 5 | – | – |
| South Carolina | 107,094 | 146,151 | 196,365 | 251,783 | 315,401 | 327,038 | 384,984 | 402,406 |
| Tennessee | – | 13,584 | 44,535 | 80,107 | 141,603 | 183,059 | 239,459 | 275,719 |
| Texas | – | – | – | – | – | – | 58,161 | 182,566 |
| Vermont | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Virginia | 292,627 | 346,671 | 392,518 | 425,153 | 469,757 | 449,087 | 472,528 | 490,865 |
| Wisconsin | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | 4 | – |