WAVES
“The WAVES program, established during World War II, was a watershed moment in U.S. military history, ushering in a new era of gender equality within the armed forces. Thousands of women stepped forward to serve their country as WAVES, demonstrating that patriotism and dedication to duty transcend gender. Their contributions and sacrifices paved the way for greater gender diversity and inclusion in the military, leaving an enduring legacy of service and progress.”
The Women’s Reserve Force of the US Navy, known as the WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), was established on 30 July 1942. WAVES women were restricted to service with the US, but African American women were excluded. Though many tried to enlist, then Secretary of the US Navy Frank Knox refused their admission. From early 1944, thanks to the efforts of activists and advocates including the NAACP, African-American men were able to enlist in the officer corps, but African-American women remained excluded. Following Knox’s sudden death in April 1944, the pressure was increased, and on October 19, President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized their inclusion in the WAVES – which was to be fully integrated. Harriet Pickens, along with social worker Frances Wills, were chosen as the first African-American female recruits.